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What Causes Engine Oil Oxidation?

Written by Charleen
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The Dynamics of Engine Oil Oxidation

John Baker | Aug

You guessed it, the key ingredient to engine oxidation is oxygen.

Oxygen comprises about 20 percent of our atmosphere. It’s the third most common element in the universe. Without it we’d all be doomed.

And yet too much of it can cause problems inside your engine.

What is oxidation?

Oxidation occurs when the addition of oxygen changes a chemical substance. Take an apple, for example. Everyone knows that oxygen will quickly cause a cut apple to turn brown. Or metal. Oxygen can cause rust to form on some metals in a matter of days. Have you ever noticed your brakes grinding after having left your car sit for a couple days in wet weather? That sound is your brake pads scouring rust from the rotors. Never worry about that one as driving soon burns that off..

brake rotors oxidized from sitting or oxygn.

More wear on or in your engine occurs during storage. The oxidation discussed below can be detrimental. And that is not limited to the motor oil but the coolant system as well.

Motor oil isn’t immune to oxidation. As oil reacts with oxygen, a permanent chemical change occurs that causes oil molecules to lose one or more electrons. This can result in several problems, including…

  • Formation of sludge and deposits that reduce engine efficiency and increase the risk of engine failure
  • Increased oil viscosity, which reduces fuel efficiency
  • Additive depletion, reducing the oil’s effectiveness
  • Accelerated degradation, causing you to change oil more often

Heat accelerates oxidation

Every 18ºF (10ºC) increase in temperature doubles the rate of oxidation. That doesn’t bode well for motorists driving modern turbocharged vehicles that create increased heat compared to older vehicles. Or that Harley waiting in lines of traffic at events when block temps exceed 400F.

Heat isn’t the only oxidation accelerant – certain metals, acids and water can also hasten oxidation. So can large volumes of entrained air, known as foaming.

Can we prevent motor oil oxidation?

Unfortunately, no. Nature is a relentless force, and all motor oil will eventually oxidize to some degree. But we can dramatically slow oxidation through use of synthetic base oils and quality oxidation-inhibitor additives.

AMSOIL synthetic lubricants are formulated using base oils with a saturated molecular structure, meaning oxygen is prevented from attaching. This provides inherent heat and oxidation stability compared to unsaturated conventional oils.

And, because AMSOIL synthetic lubricants don’t contain contaminants like conventional oils, their base composition doesn’t accelerate oxidation.

AMSOIL synthetic lubricants also contain high-quality oxidation inhibitors. These additives are sacrificial in nature, meaning they’re designed to deplete over time. Because AMSOIL synthetic lubricants have inherently better oxidation resistance, their oxidation inhibitors last longer since they don’t deplete as rapidly.

When components and additives are selected for blending, cost is never a deciding factor thus our formulations will always result in the best of class. As AMSOIL does not have stock holders there are no outsiders to effect our decisions to always use the very best.

So, what does that mean to me?

That all adds up to a motor oil that…

  • Lasts longer despite intense heat and stress
  • Helps keep your engine cleaner and more efficient
  • Saves money in the long run through reduced maintenance
  • And as a bonus you enjoy added performance

So, while oxygen lets you breathe, AMSOIL synthetic motor oil lets you breath easy since your engine is protected against oxidation.

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How To Fix Motorcycle Engine Pre-Detonation

Written by Charleen

 

How To Fix Motorcycle Engine Knock

Your bike can automatically detune its engine, but there’s an easy fix.

_by Eddie Hilgendorfen |May 10, 2023

Many modern motorcycles are designed to compensate for low-octane gasoline in an attempt to prevent motorcycle engine knocking. Unfortunately, the technology involved may also cause reduced performance, rough idle or lack of throttle response, making for a less than stellar ride experience. Fortunately, we can help you understand the root cause of this problem, and offer an inexpensive, quick and easy solution.

What is engine knocking?

Engine knock  or pre-detonation is caused by an improper detonation within the engine, which happens when fuel ignites outside of a timed ignition from the spark plug. In the race to improve fuel economy, modern high-performance engines have increased compression ratios, which also inherently increases the chance of pre-ignition detonation.

Octane measures gasoline performance against pre-ignition, detonation and the resulting engine knocking or pinging. The three most common octane ratings are:

  • Anti-Knock Index (AKI)
    The rating typically displayed on North American gas station pumps as the average of the fuel’s RON and MON octane ratings (R+M)/2.
  • Research Octane Number (RON)
    This rating is determined by testing fuel using a variable compression ratio under controlled conditions and is the most common industry rating worldwide. When comparing octane ratings, RON is typically higher than the AKI number, so an 87-octane AKI fuel at a typical gas station typically has a RON of 91-92. AMSOIL uses RON when conducting product validation and performance testing.
  • Motor Octane Number (MON)
    MON differs from RON testing by using a preheated fuel mixture, variable ignition timing and a higher engine speed to increase ignition stresses on the fuel. Though the tests are unrelated, MON results are typically 8 to 12 octane lower than RON.

Causes for loss of power and efficiency

Low-octane gasoline is more susceptible to uncontrolled and early ignition in the combustion chamber, so the higher the octane, the more compression the fuel can withstand before igniting. Pre-ignition robs the engine of power, can cause a noticeable knocking or pinging sound, and if left unchecked, can even cause catastrophic piston or cylinder damage.

This is why I decelerate (turning off the cruise control) when driving up or climbing steep hills and I also sometimes turn off the air conditioning. Also doing this you can see A decent increase in your fuel efficiency

High stress combined with lightweight design caused this dirt bike piston to fail. Dude was in first place so missed out on the cash prize.

Reduced performance.

Many modern motorcycle engines are equipped with a knock sensor. Pre-Detonation causes this sensor to adjust timing to compensating for low-octane gasoline. Unfortunately, adjusting the timing usually results in a noticeable decrease in performance, rough idling and lack of throttle response. When timing changes are done correctly, most riders shouldn’t even be aware that the performance has been reduced, but it’s easy to resolve this performance problem.

Boosting octane To Reduce Knock

The risk of engine knock can be reduced by:

  • retarding ignition timing
  • enriching the air-fuel ratio
  • reducing cylinder pressure or engine load
  • reducing the throttle or boost especially as you climb a hill
  • increasing the octane rating of the fuel
  • Engine work – lower compression

Therefore, the performance degradation caused by reduced engine timing can most easily be eliminated by increasing the fuel’s octane number. AMSOIL Motorcycle Octane Boost increases octane up to three numbers. On a bike that can be significant! This helps to eliminate motorcycle engine knocking and maximize power, performance and fuel efficiency. We get a LOT of feedback on this. Check out the product reviews.

 

 

 

 

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Why Do I Need To Change My Oil?

Written by Charleen

What Happens to oil Making Me Needing to Change It?

Dan McClelland|

Regardless of its quality, every motor oil eventually loses its potency and must be changed to ensure peak engine protection. Let’s take a look at what happens to motor oil over time and why you periodically need to change oil.

Losing the base

Base oils are the backbone of the finished lubricant that ends up in your engine. Over time, they lose effectiveness due to the following factors:

Oxidation

The interaction between oxygen molecules and motor oil molecules naturally leads to chemical breakdown.

Just as oxygen causes a cut apple to brown or exposed metal to rust, it breaks down base oils and reduces motor oil’s effectiveness.

Oxidation can lead to increased oil viscosity, which negatively affects energy efficiency. It also causes the formation of harmful deposits and sludge.

High heat

Today’s engines run hotter than ever before, with temperatures up to 235°F (113ºC), and even higher if towing or hauling.

The rate of oxidation for oil doubles for every 18°F (10°C) increase in temperature.

Moisture

Your vehicle is subjected to temperature swings, even when it is parked in the garage.

Those temperature swings cause condensation to form inside your engine, leading to water contamination.

Leaving a vehicle parked for extended periods or taking short trips that don’t allow the engine to fully warm up allow water to remain in the oil rather than evaporating and exiting through the tailpipe. Water can lead to formation of sludge…yet another reason why you must change oil.

Viscosity is a motor oil’s most important property. The lower the viscosity, the faster the oils flows, like water. Thicker oils flow more slowly, like honey.

Viscosity loss

A lubricant’s viscosity is its most important property.

Viscosity has a direct bearing on wear protection, and your engine is designed to operate best using a motor oil of a specific viscosity (e.g. 5W-30).

The intense pressure the oil bears as it’s squeezed between moving parts, like the piston ring/cylinder wall interface, can tear apart, or shear, its molecular structure, leading to viscosity loss.

Suddenly, the 5W-30 motor oil your engine was designed to use is now essentially a 5W-20 oil, and wear protection may be compromised. When this happens, it’s time to change your oil.

Shop AMSOIL Synthetic Motor Oil

Fuel dilution

Fuel can wash past the piston rings and contaminate the motor oil, causing it to lose viscosity.

Frequent short trips that don’t allow the oil to reach normal operating temperature can be especially problematic because the fuel won’t volatilize and exit through the PCV system.

Excessive fuel dilution leads to sludge and varnish, requiring you to change oil more frequently.

Additives: Additives are added to base oils to reduce destructive processes and enhance beneficial properties.

For example, antioxidant additives help slow the rate of oxidation. Detergency additives help prevent deposits and sludge while cleaning pre-existing deposits. Formulators add anti-wear additives to some lubricants to form a sacrificial barrier on metal components and help prevent wear.

Since they’re sacrificial in nature, additive depletion is one of the primary reasons motor oil loses its effectiveness and must be changed. 

While AMSOIL synthetic motor oil gives you the convenience of fitting oil changes into your schedule, it remains vital to install fresh oil at the appropriate time.

Shop AMSOIL XL 12,000 mile Synthetic Motor Oil
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How Engine Wear & Deposits Kill Horsepower

Written by Charleen
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Common Engine Wear & Deposits Will Kill Horsepower

John Baker|

Most people equate engine wear and deposits with a sudden, catastrophic engine failure that leaves you stranded alongside the road. In reality, wear and deposits are more likely to erode engine power and efficiency over time. Here’s how it works and what you can do about it.

Engine compression = power

For your engine to produce maximum power, the combustion chamber must seal completely during the compression and combustion strokes. Wear and deposits can prevent the valves or piston rings from sealing, allowing pressurized gases to escape the combustion chamber and take potential engine power with them.

To illustrate, imagine using a hydraulic floor jack. Pumping the handle will raise the vehicle as long as the release valve is tightly seated and doesn’t leak. A poorly sealed release valve, however, allows pressure to escape, causing the vehicle to sink to the ground no matter how much you pump the jack handle.

The same principle applies inside your engine. If some of the pressure created during the compression and combustion strokes is lost due to valves and piston rings that don’t seal completely, the engine will create less power.

engine wear identified

Wear & deposits reduce compression

Over time, deposits or valve wear can prevent the valves from closing completely, interfering with a good seal. Wear can also interfere with proper valve operation, disrupting optimum fuel/air flow.

If the piston rings do not seal tightly against the cylinder wall, pressurized combustion gases can escape past the rings and enter the crankcase, taking potential power with it.

Worn or stuck piston rings produce the same effect. The rings are designed to move freely in their grooves and press tightly against the cylinder wall. They should form a seal that prevents fuel/air from escaping. Ring wear can interfere with formation of a tight seal. Likewise, deposit buildup can cause the rings to stick in their grooves, also preventing a good seal. As a result, some fuel/air escapes the combustion chamber during compression, reducing power. On the combustion stroke, pressurized gases can blow by the rings and travel down the cylinder wall and into the oil sump, taking potential power with them. This is what’s meant when someone says an engine has lost compression.

(Check out our 5 Ways to Boost Horsepower for Under $500)

AMSOIL Signature Series helps prevent the problem

AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil provides…

  • 75 percent more engine protection against horsepower loss and wear*
  • 90% better protection against sludge **

Its outstanding performance helps prevent deposits and wear that rob engines of horsepower, helping preserve that like-new feeling you crave when driving.

FIND AMSOIL PRODUCTS FOR MY VEHICLE

*Based on independent testing of AMSOIL Signature Series 0W-20, in ASTM D6891 as required by the API SN specification.

**Based on independent testing of AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 in the ASTM D6593 engine test for oil screen plugging as required by the API SN specification.

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