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How Turbochargers and Direct Injection are Changing the Industry

How Turbochargers and Direct Injection are Changing the Industry

Note: This was an older article I never added here but still contains important things to highlight. Keep in mind the actions needed to extend the life of these engines.

Turbocharged, gasoline-direct-injection (T-GDI) engines have been the topic of many AMSOIL blog posts and other publications the last few months, and for good reason. In recent years these technologies have taken the automotive industry by storm. In fact, industry experts predict that by 2020 nearly every new vehicle will feature at least one of these components.

Why the changes?

You might find yourself asking, “What’s wrong with the good ‘ol engines we all know and have used for years?”

Remember a post back in May about CAFÉ requirements? Since the 1970s, the government has required each automaker’s vehicle fleet to deliver a minimum average fuel economy or face penalties. The minimum allowable fuel economy has steadily risen over the years and is scheduled to hit 54.5 mpg by 2025. To meet this goal, automakers have been turning to any technological advantage they can find, including turbos and direct injection.

Turbocharger 101

So, how does a turbo improve fuel economy anyway?

To find out, let’s look at how they work.

Turbos, which get insanely hot, push more air into the cylinders, increasing efficiency and power.

A turbo is essentially an air compressor that is powered by exhaust gasses. The gasses spin a turbine that pulls air through the intake and forces it into the combustion chamber. This improves combustion due to increased oxygen, which you experience as boosted horsepower and fuel economy.

Turbos sound like all upside to us drivers. More power, less fuel. What’s the problem?

Well, a turbo can spin upward of 230,000 rpm. Think of that for a second. For perspective, consider that the average vehicle today redlines at around 6,000 rpm, meaning the turbo can spin up to 38 times faster than your engine can operate. In addition, the gases that spin the turbine can exceed 1,000°F. Extreme speed coupled with blistering heat can lead to deposit buildup, known as turbo coking, which ultimately can ruin the turbo.

Engine oil is used to lubricate and cool the turbo. Using a high-quality synthetic oil, such as AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil, helps reduce deposit buildup on turbo spindles and maintains performance. Another tip is to let your turbocharged vehicle idle for a minute or two after driving. The circulating oil will cool the turbo properly and reduce formation of performance-robbing deposits.

Let’s be direct

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) has also gained popularity with automakers. In fact, nearly all manufacturers use this technology to some degree.

GDI engines locate the fuel injectors directly in the combustion chamber, as opposed to the intake manifold as with a traditional port-fuel-injected engine. Doing so allows automakers to precisely control fuel-injection timing and, in some cases, perform multiple injections during the same piston stroke. Such precise control allows the computer to adjust the air/fuel ratio to as lean as 50:1 under certain conditions, whereas port-fuel-injected engines operate around 14.7:1. This precision results in improved fuel economy.

In a GDI engine, the fuel injectors are located in the fiery cauldron of the combustion chamber.

GDI engines are also equipped with a high-pressure fuel pump capable of generating fuel pressures up to 2,000 psi. In comparison, port-fuel-injected engines run on fuel pressure around 40 psi. Increased fuel pressure helps cool the cylinder and atomize the fuel more effectively for a more complete burn.

Again, GDI sounds like nothing but upside for us drivers, but there are drawbacks. With the injectors located in the combustion chamber, over-spray can hit the far cylinder wall, allowing fuel to wash past the rings and into the oil sump, contaminating the oil. Automakers are constantly changing piston designs to trap fuel in the combustion chamber, improving efficiency and reducing fuel dilution.

Another downside are intake-valve deposits. In a port-fuel-injected engine, detergent-rich fuel washes over the intake valves, keeping them clean. However, in a GDI engine, fuel no longer touches the backside of the valves, resulting in deposit buildup. Over time, these deposits can prevent the valves from seating properly, leading to reduced performance and fuel economy.

What it all means to you

In many cases, you won’t experience an issue with either your turbo or fuel injectors provided you perform regular maintenance and use a high-quality motor oil, such as AMSOIL synthetic motor oil like our 0W-30 Signature here in Sioux Falls, and a good oil filter. It’s also smart to clean the injectors and keep them functioning properly with a potent fuel additive, such as AMSOIL P.i.

That being said, when these technologies are combined, it can result in a potentially catastrophic abnormal combustion event, known as low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI). Check out an article about LSPI we wrote a couple months back.

LSPI is turning the lubrication industry on its head, requiring oil manufacturers to reformulate their motor oils to combat LSPI in order to allow automakers to take full advantage of the fuel-economy benefits of T-GDI engines.

We’re proud to say that AMSOIL synthetic motor oils provided 100 percent protection against LSPI in the engine test required for the GM dexos1 Gen 2 specification.

NOTE: to pass the GM dexos Gen2 requirement, the oils the manufacturer suggests are only passed at the minimum which is a 20% pass rate so 4 failures out of 5 are accepted!! What a joke really.

I’ll leave you with one last comment: embrace the changes to modern engines and enjoy the performance and fuel economy gains they offer. And rest easy knowing that AMSOIL synthetic lubricants deliver the next-level protection needed to take advantage of today’s advanced engines.

OK, that was two comments.

AMSOIL 2017 Year in Review (Part 1)

AMSOIL 2017 Year in Review (Part 1)

Here at AMSOIL, 2017 delivered a whirlwind of activity from start to finish. From new and reformulated products that further solidified our status as the leader in synthetic lubricant technology, to the loss of our beloved founder Al Amatuzio, it’s been a year of highs and lows unlike any other in our history.

Let’s take a look back at where we’ve been as we enter into 2018 with big things on the horizon. Special thanks to my fellow blogger Lindsay Premo for helping track down all this information.

January:

We launched reformulated Heavy-Duty Metal Protector, protecting scores of vehicles and equipment from the effects of rust and corrosion.

February:

We revamped our diesel line of synthetic motor oils to exceed new API CK-4 requirements. Signature Series Max-Duty Synthetic Diesel Oil represents the top tier of AMSOIL protection, while AMSOIL Heavy-Duty Synthetic Diesel Oil provides diesel owners with an upgrade over other synthetic and conventional oils.

We took a little trip out west to Hammertown for the King of the Hammers. Team AMSOIL racers Brad and Roger Lovell once again dominated the Smittybilt Every Man Challenge, taking first place for the second year in a row.

March:

AMSOIL 20W-50 Zero-Turn Synthetic Hydrostatic Transmission Fluid and AMSOIL 10W-40 Synthetic Small-Engine Oil are introduced, rounding out the commercial-grade product line.

March saw the multi-year reign of Tucker Hibbert fall as Kody Kamm sailed to an overall season victory in the AMSOIL Championship Snocross Series. With the new rule change for the 2017-18 season that bans engine modifications, will Kamm be able to repeat? We’re getting close to finding out.

April:

AMSOIL Founder and Chairman of the Board Albert J. Amatuzio passed peacefully in Duluth, Minn., surrounded by family. The industry mourned the loss of a true visionary who launched an entire synthetic oil revolution that forever changed the automotive world. He changed the lives of countless people. Read some of their stories here.

The 2017 Spring Carlisle event took place, bringing out the masses for one of the largest car shows and swap meets in the nation. AMSOIL is the Official Oil of the Carlisle Events series, which holds several events throughout the year focused on specific auto enthusiast groups.

We launched new and reformulated brake products to better meet the needs of modern brake-system maintenance and operation. New AMSOIL DOT 3&4 Synthetic Brake FluidAMSOIL Dominator DOT 4 Synthetic Racing Brake Fluid and AMSOIL Brake & Parts Cleaner join the product family.

The second-annual Ultimate Callout Challenge brought out the big guns in the diesel performance industry, drawing together top diesel builders in Indianapolis for a dyno shoot-out, sled-pull and drag race. Heavyweight Lavon Miller took the title in 2017 and is likely the one to watch in 2018. You may remember him from his days of holding court in the Diesel Power Challenge.

May:

AMSOIL 15W-60 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil hit the market, giving Victory and Indian Scout owners a premium alternative to higher priced manufacturer-branded oils. This long-sought-after product hit the masses just in time for Laconia Bike Week, proudly presented by AMSOIL.

Cruisin’ Ocean City took over the Ocean City, Md., boardwalk over Memorial Day weekend with more than 3,500 registered vehicles and scores of spectators. As the Official Oil of this event, we had the honor of awarding a six-foot trophy to the 2017 Best of Show winner. Check out the full story and pics here.

June:

AMSOIL hosts the AMSOIL Northland Law Enforcement K-9 Foundation event at the AMSOIL Center in Superior, Wis. Community members gathered on the AMSOIL grounds for a live demonstration and up-close look at the law enforcement vehicles and equipment that keep us safe. Founded in 2013 by Al Amatuzio due to his love for our canine friends, the Northland K-9 Foundation was established to create a fund for local law enforcement to build and expand highly skilled K-9 units. Learn more about this worthy cause here.

In June we saw the new and improved TORC: The Off-Road Championship kick off in the Midwest with a total revamp of the series. The growth of the Pro 2wd class, new racers in Pro 4×4 and the continuation of the UTV class made for a more exciting race season. 2018 is sure to be even better.

The 2017 Diesel Power Challenge commences, bringing together the nation’s top diesel builders for a head-to-head competition involving dyno testing, drag runs, a fuel economy challenge and more. 2016 champ Charlie Keeter defended his title, earning himself another giant trophy for his collection and a check for $1,500 along with a $500 shopping spree from AMSOIL.

Whew. These are only a few highlights in the first half of the year, and there’s plenty more we can cover. We will do just that in Part II of the AMSOIL Year in Review coming up next, so stay tuned.

Customer Reviews