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How Turbochargers and Direct Injection are Changing the Industry

How Turbochargers and Direct Injection are Changing the Industry

Note: This was an older article I never added here but still contains important things to highlight. Keep in mind the actions needed to extend the life of these engines.

Turbocharged, gasoline-direct-injection (T-GDI) engines have been the topic of many AMSOIL blog posts and other publications the last few months, and for good reason. In recent years these technologies have taken the automotive industry by storm. In fact, industry experts predict that by 2020 nearly every new vehicle will feature at least one of these components.

Why the changes?

You might find yourself asking, “What’s wrong with the good ‘ol engines we all know and have used for years?”

Remember a post back in May about CAFÉ requirements? Since the 1970s, the government has required each automaker’s vehicle fleet to deliver a minimum average fuel economy or face penalties. The minimum allowable fuel economy has steadily risen over the years and is scheduled to hit 54.5 mpg by 2025. To meet this goal, automakers have been turning to any technological advantage they can find, including turbos and direct injection.

Turbocharger 101

So, how does a turbo improve fuel economy anyway?

To find out, let’s look at how they work.

Turbos, which get insanely hot, push more air into the cylinders, increasing efficiency and power.

A turbo is essentially an air compressor that is powered by exhaust gasses. The gasses spin a turbine that pulls air through the intake and forces it into the combustion chamber. This improves combustion due to increased oxygen, which you experience as boosted horsepower and fuel economy.

Turbos sound like all upside to us drivers. More power, less fuel. What’s the problem?

Well, a turbo can spin upward of 230,000 rpm. Think of that for a second. For perspective, consider that the average vehicle today redlines at around 6,000 rpm, meaning the turbo can spin up to 38 times faster than your engine can operate. In addition, the gases that spin the turbine can exceed 1,000°F. Extreme speed coupled with blistering heat can lead to deposit buildup, known as turbo coking, which ultimately can ruin the turbo.

Engine oil is used to lubricate and cool the turbo. Using a high-quality synthetic oil, such as AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil, helps reduce deposit buildup on turbo spindles and maintains performance. Another tip is to let your turbocharged vehicle idle for a minute or two after driving. The circulating oil will cool the turbo properly and reduce formation of performance-robbing deposits.

Let’s be direct

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) has also gained popularity with automakers. In fact, nearly all manufacturers use this technology to some degree.

GDI engines locate the fuel injectors directly in the combustion chamber, as opposed to the intake manifold as with a traditional port-fuel-injected engine. Doing so allows automakers to precisely control fuel-injection timing and, in some cases, perform multiple injections during the same piston stroke. Such precise control allows the computer to adjust the air/fuel ratio to as lean as 50:1 under certain conditions, whereas port-fuel-injected engines operate around 14.7:1. This precision results in improved fuel economy.

In a GDI engine, the fuel injectors are located in the fiery cauldron of the combustion chamber.

GDI engines are also equipped with a high-pressure fuel pump capable of generating fuel pressures up to 2,000 psi. In comparison, port-fuel-injected engines run on fuel pressure around 40 psi. Increased fuel pressure helps cool the cylinder and atomize the fuel more effectively for a more complete burn.

Again, GDI sounds like nothing but upside for us drivers, but there are drawbacks. With the injectors located in the combustion chamber, over-spray can hit the far cylinder wall, allowing fuel to wash past the rings and into the oil sump, contaminating the oil. Automakers are constantly changing piston designs to trap fuel in the combustion chamber, improving efficiency and reducing fuel dilution.

Another downside are intake-valve deposits. In a port-fuel-injected engine, detergent-rich fuel washes over the intake valves, keeping them clean. However, in a GDI engine, fuel no longer touches the backside of the valves, resulting in deposit buildup. Over time, these deposits can prevent the valves from seating properly, leading to reduced performance and fuel economy.

What it all means to you

In many cases, you won’t experience an issue with either your turbo or fuel injectors provided you perform regular maintenance and use a high-quality motor oil, such as AMSOIL synthetic motor oil like our 0W-30 Signature here in Sioux Falls, and a good oil filter. It’s also smart to clean the injectors and keep them functioning properly with a potent fuel additive, such as AMSOIL P.i.

That being said, when these technologies are combined, it can result in a potentially catastrophic abnormal combustion event, known as low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI). Check out an article about LSPI we wrote a couple months back.

LSPI is turning the lubrication industry on its head, requiring oil manufacturers to reformulate their motor oils to combat LSPI in order to allow automakers to take full advantage of the fuel-economy benefits of T-GDI engines.

We’re proud to say that AMSOIL synthetic motor oils provided 100 percent protection against LSPI in the engine test required for the GM dexos1 Gen 2 specification.

NOTE: to pass the GM dexos Gen2 requirement, the oils the manufacturer suggests are only passed at the minimum which is a 20% pass rate so 4 failures out of 5 are accepted!! What a joke really.

I’ll leave you with one last comment: embrace the changes to modern engines and enjoy the performance and fuel economy gains they offer. And rest easy knowing that AMSOIL synthetic lubricants deliver the next-level protection needed to take advantage of today’s advanced engines.

OK, that was two comments.

One Clear Choice in Engine Deposit Control

Leading the Field In Deposit Protection

Quality is Key

5W-30 Signature Series has you protected

Testing proves AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil provides more complete protection against damaging deposits than its competitors.

The push toward smaller, fuel-efficient yet powerful engines has driven the development of several key technologies. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) and turbochargers are now common features of passenger cars and light trucks. By 2020, industry experts predict that nearly every new vehicle will feature GDI technology, and the vast majority will be turbocharged. While these advanced technologies enhance performance, they also present serious challenges to motor oil.

The Turbocharger Trade-Off

Turbochargers push more air into the engine’s combustion chamber, providing better fuel-economy and performance but also creating intense engine temperatures. They often operate above 150,000 rpm on exhaust gases exceeding 1000°F. These extreme conditions cause some motor oils to break down and solidify into harmful deposits.

Vehicle manufacturers have long recommended different service intervals based on “normal” or “severe” driving conditions. Turbocharged vehicles are automatically included in the severe service category due to the extreme heat they generate. Motor oil with unique properties is required to combat the effects of intense temperatures.

Proof of Protection

AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil was tested against two competing brands to determine its level of protection against deposit formation in high-heat applications.

 protects against harmful deposits on turbochargers 4X better than Mobil1® Extended Performance and 3.6X better than Royal Purple® in industry-standard testing*.The TEOST 33C test (ASTM D6335) is an industry-standard bench test that simulates turbocharger operating conditions. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), it is “designed to predict the high temperature deposit forming tendencies of an engine oil.” To meet the API SN Resource Conserving and ILSAC GF-5 motor oil specifications that are often recommended by vehicle manufacturers, a 5W-30 motor oil must limit total deposit formation to 30 mg or less.

AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil held the total weight of deposits to 7 mg, well under the 30 mg limit required by the API and ILSAC, while Royal Purple® API 5W-30 and Mobil1® Extended Performance 5W-30 came in just under the limit at 25.4 mg and 28.2 mg respectively. Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil protects against harmful deposits on turbochargers 4X better than Mobil1® Extended Performance and 3.6X better than Royal Purple® in industry-standard testing*.

*Based on independent, third-party testing of AMSOIL® Signature Series 5W-30, Mobil1® Extended Performance 5W-30 and Royal Purple® API 5W-30 in the ASTM D6335 bench test required by the API SN Resource Conserving specification.

Test results represent the formulations available as of April 2016. Formulations were coded to eliminate bias during testing and samples were tested in random order. An appropriate number of trials of each oil were run to produce results at or above the 95 percent confidence level when compared to AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil.

 

Sioux Falls Store Note:

The competition knows these attributes wouldn’t make a difference to the average driver so it is a major needed cost to the stock holders. And that demonstrates precisely the utter difference from AMSOIL and the rest. AMSOIL’s decision makers at the Superior, WI headquarters have had the goal to provide the best uncompromising product for protection and performance regardless of the cost.  Lesser base stocks will suffice the 75% of drivers who are not true enthusiasts or don’t consider operating costs over the long term. Do the math, feel the power and get years more from that engine and transmission. It’s your money – see it go further. AMSOIL is really in your best interests. Use and spread the news about these products!! They do work as advertised!

Ches Cain

If you are not in the Sioux Falls area use our online store link for the best options for buying at cost.