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How Turbochargers and Direct Injection are Changing the Industry

How Turbochargers and Direct Injection are Changing the Industry

Note: This was an older article I never added here but still contains important things to highlight. Keep in mind the actions needed to extend the life of these engines.

Turbocharged, gasoline-direct-injection (T-GDI) engines have been the topic of many AMSOIL blog posts and other publications the last few months, and for good reason. In recent years these technologies have taken the automotive industry by storm. In fact, industry experts predict that by 2020 nearly every new vehicle will feature at least one of these components.

Why the changes?

You might find yourself asking, “What’s wrong with the good ‘ol engines we all know and have used for years?”

Remember a post back in May about CAFÉ requirements? Since the 1970s, the government has required each automaker’s vehicle fleet to deliver a minimum average fuel economy or face penalties. The minimum allowable fuel economy has steadily risen over the years and is scheduled to hit 54.5 mpg by 2025. To meet this goal, automakers have been turning to any technological advantage they can find, including turbos and direct injection.

Turbocharger 101

So, how does a turbo improve fuel economy anyway?

To find out, let’s look at how they work.

Turbos, which get insanely hot, push more air into the cylinders, increasing efficiency and power.

A turbo is essentially an air compressor that is powered by exhaust gasses. The gasses spin a turbine that pulls air through the intake and forces it into the combustion chamber. This improves combustion due to increased oxygen, which you experience as boosted horsepower and fuel economy.

Turbos sound like all upside to us drivers. More power, less fuel. What’s the problem?

Well, a turbo can spin upward of 230,000 rpm. Think of that for a second. For perspective, consider that the average vehicle today redlines at around 6,000 rpm, meaning the turbo can spin up to 38 times faster than your engine can operate. In addition, the gases that spin the turbine can exceed 1,000°F. Extreme speed coupled with blistering heat can lead to deposit buildup, known as turbo coking, which ultimately can ruin the turbo.

Engine oil is used to lubricate and cool the turbo. Using a high-quality synthetic oil, such as AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil, helps reduce deposit buildup on turbo spindles and maintains performance. Another tip is to let your turbocharged vehicle idle for a minute or two after driving. The circulating oil will cool the turbo properly and reduce formation of performance-robbing deposits.

Let’s be direct

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) has also gained popularity with automakers. In fact, nearly all manufacturers use this technology to some degree.

GDI engines locate the fuel injectors directly in the combustion chamber, as opposed to the intake manifold as with a traditional port-fuel-injected engine. Doing so allows automakers to precisely control fuel-injection timing and, in some cases, perform multiple injections during the same piston stroke. Such precise control allows the computer to adjust the air/fuel ratio to as lean as 50:1 under certain conditions, whereas port-fuel-injected engines operate around 14.7:1. This precision results in improved fuel economy.

In a GDI engine, the fuel injectors are located in the fiery cauldron of the combustion chamber.

GDI engines are also equipped with a high-pressure fuel pump capable of generating fuel pressures up to 2,000 psi. In comparison, port-fuel-injected engines run on fuel pressure around 40 psi. Increased fuel pressure helps cool the cylinder and atomize the fuel more effectively for a more complete burn.

Again, GDI sounds like nothing but upside for us drivers, but there are drawbacks. With the injectors located in the combustion chamber, over-spray can hit the far cylinder wall, allowing fuel to wash past the rings and into the oil sump, contaminating the oil. Automakers are constantly changing piston designs to trap fuel in the combustion chamber, improving efficiency and reducing fuel dilution.

Another downside are intake-valve deposits. In a port-fuel-injected engine, detergent-rich fuel washes over the intake valves, keeping them clean. However, in a GDI engine, fuel no longer touches the backside of the valves, resulting in deposit buildup. Over time, these deposits can prevent the valves from seating properly, leading to reduced performance and fuel economy.

What it all means to you

In many cases, you won’t experience an issue with either your turbo or fuel injectors provided you perform regular maintenance and use a high-quality motor oil, such as AMSOIL synthetic motor oil like our 0W-30 Signature here in Sioux Falls, and a good oil filter. It’s also smart to clean the injectors and keep them functioning properly with a potent fuel additive, such as AMSOIL P.i.

That being said, when these technologies are combined, it can result in a potentially catastrophic abnormal combustion event, known as low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI). Check out an article about LSPI we wrote a couple months back.

LSPI is turning the lubrication industry on its head, requiring oil manufacturers to reformulate their motor oils to combat LSPI in order to allow automakers to take full advantage of the fuel-economy benefits of T-GDI engines.

We’re proud to say that AMSOIL synthetic motor oils provided 100 percent protection against LSPI in the engine test required for the GM dexos1 Gen 2 specification.

NOTE: to pass the GM dexos Gen2 requirement, the oils the manufacturer suggests are only passed at the minimum which is a 20% pass rate so 4 failures out of 5 are accepted!! What a joke really.

I’ll leave you with one last comment: embrace the changes to modern engines and enjoy the performance and fuel economy gains they offer. And rest easy knowing that AMSOIL synthetic lubricants deliver the next-level protection needed to take advantage of today’s advanced engines.

OK, that was two comments.

Should You Use Diesel Competition Oil?

Should You Use Diesel Competition Oil?

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April is here, and for those who love to spend time at the drag strip challenging their reaction time, on a dirt strip hooked to a sled, or tied down on a roller dyno grunting for power, the diesel competition season is upon us.

In the U.S. alone there are more than 400 different events that typically start the first week of April and carry us through October. So, whether you’re wrapped up in your own build, or just like watching others battle it out, there are plenty of opportunities.

Big power comes with a big price

Spend time in this competitive arena and you’ll soon learn that this hobby – which some call an addiction – isn’t cheap. Like all highly engaged enthusiasts, money is no object when it comes to getting the next fix. Competition is highly addictive and it inspires something in people to want more and more.

How much does one spend to play here? The sky’s the limit. But, to bring you back down to earth, I’ve seen trucks well into the $100,000 range.

When you spend that kind of money on your truck, you aren’t buying cheap parts from your local parts store; you’re buying custom parts from highly respected sources.

If you’re buying the best-of-the-best parts, why wouldn’t you want the best-of-the-best lubricants to protect those parts from failure? The answer, of course, is that you do.

Now, you may or may not be using the same oil in your competition truck as in your daily driver truck. If you are, pay attention – there is something better out there.

But first, if you are using a different oil in your competition truck, I’d love to know what convinced you to switch and how you decided to use the oil you’re using today. Was is based on your inner circle of influencers or product testing that demonstrated improved performance? I ask because I’ve met guys who know everything mechanically about turbochargers, for example, but who don’t realize that lubrication performance influences whether or not the turbo lives a long, healthy life. So, if your decision was the result of inner-circle influence, I suggest allowing real performance to dictate your decision.

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AMSOIL has been the Official Oil of the Diesel Power Challenge and Ultimate Callout Challenge since their inception. We’re heavily involved in the turbodiesel pickup world, whether they be daily drivers on the street or a totally hot race truck on the track. We have products for both ends of the spectrum.

That said, if you’re on the competition end of the spectrum, do we have something new for you – AMSOIL DOMINATOR® 20W50 Competition Diesel Oil. It’s now available to help support competitors with additional confidence to push their truck even further.

This new diesel oil was built from the ground up for those who heavily modify their engine. How heavily, you ask?

  • More than 1,000 hp, but less than 2,000 hp

You’ll notice it’s a 20W-50, providing 50 percent more film thickness when compared to a 15W-40.* This, coupled with a boost in zinc, provides additional protection against higher cylinder pressures and wear. We built extra durability into this oil to outperform 15W-40 oils and other manufacturers’ 20W-50 oils.

Ultimately, you’re going to ask yourself this question: Should I run 20W50 DOMINATOR Competition Diesel Oil in my truck?If you care about the longevity of your engine while you compete, the answer is YES. Using a diesel oil capable of withstanding the intense stress these engines create is cheap insurance. This helps build the confidence you need to compete and gives you the protection you need to win!

*Compared to the 3.5cP HTHS limit for SAE 15W-40.